Trade

Market Competitiveness of the Tea Industry of Sri Lanka

Advocata Institute launches its latest report titled “Market Competitiveness of the Tea Industry of Sri Lanka” The report is written by Sudaraka Ariyaratne, Research Consultant at Advocata Institute.

The report begins with an introductory chapter that details the historical evolution of the island’s tea industry. The report finds that the present standing of the industry in the context of the international market is not too grim, but argues that issues related to the labour market, capital investment, value addition, and quality control limit the industry’s competitiveness in the global stage. The rest of the report takes the form of four discussion papers, each on the four areas of concern listed above, that present an economic theory-based lens to approach these issues, and discuss potential solutions.

You can access the report on ‘Market Competitiveness of the Tea Industry of Sri Lanka’ here

IMF & The Urgency of State-Owned Enterprise Reforms

In the wake of Sri Lanka's economic challenges, it is undeniable that State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have had a substantial impact on the country's fiscal health. They squander resources, land, labour, and add to the debt burden. They monopolize markets limiting competitiveness and contribute to the inefficiency in the economy. At this economic juncture, the necessity for SOE reforms is not just a matter of economic prudence; it is a matter of national importance. Without swift and comprehensive SOE reforms, we risk prolonging our current economic downturn.

The Advocata Institute hosted a press briefing on IMF & The Urgency of State-Owned Enterprises Reforms, to create further awareness and public debate on the urgency of implementing reforms to State Owned Enterprises (SOE’s). This Press Brief was held at BMICH, Tulip Hall on October 10.

The Event commenced with a 15 minute presentation by Rehana Thowfeek, Research Associate at the Advocata Institute analysing the issues surrounding SOE’s and their link to broader macroeconomic issues. Following this, there will be introductory remarks by the main speakers for the evening:

  • Professor Rohan Samarajiva - Advisor, Advocata Institute.

  • Mr. Dhananath Fernando - Chief Executive Officer, Advocata Institute.

  • Mr. Ravi Rathnasabapathy - Independent Consultant

The Presentation by Rehana Thowfeek can be found here

The Full video of the briefing can be found here


Sri Lanka Slips in Economic Freedom

Originally appeared in the The Island, Daily Mirror, Economy Next, Lanka Business online, NewsWire

Sri Lanka ranks 116 out of 165 jurisdictions included in the Economic Freedom of the World: 2023 Annual Report, released by Advocata Institute in conjunction with Canada’s Fraser Institute. The current ranking represents a decline in the economic freedom of the country which ranked 104th during 2020.

The report measures the economic freedom of individuals—their ability to make their own economic decisions—by analyzing the policies and institutions of 165 jurisdictions. The policies examined include regulation, freedom to trade internationally, size of government, legal system and property rights, and sound monetary policy. The 2023 report is based on data from 2021, the last year with available comparable statistics across jurisdictions.

Sri Lanka’s decline in score was driven by 4 out of the 5 sub indicators of economic freedom registering declines in their respective individual scores. These indicators are the size of government, access to sound money, freedom to trade internationally, and the regulation of credit, labour, and business. The only indicators that registered an improvement in its score is the indicator of legal system and property rights.

“The report captured a stark warning: Sri Lanka's economic freedom declined prior to the economic crisis of 2022, a testament to the vulnerability of nations with limited economic freedom in the face of economic turmoil. If the country is to recover, Sri Lanka must prioritize economic growth within the framework of maximising economic freedom for its citizens to trade, work, and transact freely in a stable monetary and fiscal environment” said Dhananath Fernando, Chief Executive Officer at the Advocata Institute.

The number one spot is now occupied by Singapore, followed by Hong Kong, Switzerland, New Zealand, the United States, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Other notable countries include Japan (20th), Germany (23th), France (47th) and Russia (104th).

Venezuela once again ranks last. Some countries such as North Korea and Cuba can’t be ranked due to lack of data.

The Fraser Institute produces the annual Economic Freedom of the World report in cooperation with the Economic Freedom Network, a group of independent research and educational institutes in nearly 100 countries and territories. It’s the world’s premier measure of economic freedom.

The report was prepared by Professor James Gwartney of Florida State University and Professors Robert A. Lawson and Ryan Murphy of Southern Methodist University.

According to research in top peer-reviewed academic journals, people living in countries with high levels of economic freedom enjoy greater prosperity, more political and civil liberties, and longer lives.

For example, countries in the top quartile of economic freedom had an average per-capita GDP of US$48,569, compared to US$6,324 for bottom quartile countries. Poverty rates are lower. In the top quartile, less than one per cent of the population experienced extreme poverty (US$1.90 a day) compared to 32 per cent in the lowest quartile. Finally, life expectancy is 81.1 years in the top quartile of countries compared to 65 years in the bottom quartile.

“Where people are free to pursue their own opportunities and make their own choices, they lead more prosperous, happier and healthier lives,” Fred McMahon, Dr. Michael A. Walker Research Chair in Economic Freedom with the Fraser Institute said.

See the full report at www.fraserinstitute.org/economic-freedom.

About the Economic Freedom Index

The Fraser Institute produces the annual Economic Freedom of the World report in cooperation with the Economic Freedom Network, a group of independent research and educational institutes in nearly 100 countries and territories.

Economic Freedom of the World measures how policies and institutions of countries support economic freedom. This year’s publication ranks 165 countries and territories. The report also updates data in earlier reports where data has been revised.

For more information on the Economic Freedom Network, datasets, and previous Economic Freedom of the World reports, go to www.fraserinstitute.org/economic-freedom.

Media Coverage on #ReformNow Conference: Let's Reset Sri Lanka

Let us focus on global changes immediately - President

We can’t use the old economic model further:

We can no longer use the old economic model and we must pay attention to global changes by thinking innovatively, said President Ranil Wickremesinghe yesterday. He was delivering the keynote address at the professional forum to launch the Advocata Institute’s research report on Sri Lanka’s economic reforms held at the Bandaranaike International Conference Hall in Colombo yesterday (05).

The conference organised by the Advocata Institute under the theme “LET’S RESET SRI LANKA” is held on August 5 and 6 at the Lotus Hall of the Bandaranaike International Conference Hall.

Read the full article here

President reiterates, difficult times ahead

President Ranil Wickremesinghe says Sri Lanka has '6 difficult months ahead' as the island nation attempts to stabilize the economy through agreements with the IMF.

Speaking at a forum organized by the Advocata Institute in Colombo today (05), President Wickremesinghe said that the 'way out' for the country is through the agreements reached with the IMF.

"Although people talk of alternative measures, they have not worked out," the President said, emphasizing that first and foremost, Sri Lanka has to enter into the standby agreement, with the staff level agreement with IMF.

Read the full article here

Sri Lanka President hints on possible wealth tax for economic, social stability

Amid widening gap between the rich and the poor in Sri Lanka, the island nation will have to go for higher taxation including on wealth, President Ranil Wickremesinghe said on Friday while delivering a keynote speech at an economic forum.

The crisis-hit country is struggling with lower state revenue and higher government expenditure with 86 cents of each rupee of tax revenue spent on state sector wages and pensions.

Read the full article here

Sri Lanka President hints on possible wealth tax for economic, social stability

Amid widening gap between the rich and the poor in Sri Lanka, the island nation will have to go for higher taxation including on wealth, President Ranil Wickremesinghe said on Friday while delivering a keynote speech at an economic forum.

The crisis-hit country is struggling with lower state revenue and higher government expenditure with 86 cents of each rupee of tax revenue spent on state sector wages and pensions.

Read the full article here

SL must focus on higher revenue mobilisation to overcome crisis

Sri Lanka still has scope to overcome the macroeconomic instability if the Government could focus on revenue mobilisation through inclusive tax reforms based on scientific analysis, Advocata Institute Senior Research Fellow Dr. Roshan Perera opined.

Speaking at the ‘Let’s reset Sri Lanka’ forum organised by the Advocata Institute recently, she underscored that the root cause of the existing macroeconomic instability was due to lack of fiscal discipline.

Read the full article here

The old economic model is no longer viable, IMF proposals must be implemented - President

President Ranil Wickremesinghe says the old economic model can no longer be implemented adding that innovative thinking is required while paying attention to global changes.

Delivering the guest speech at a conference today (05) Mr. Wickramasinghe said proposals of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) must be implemented to recover from the economic crisis the country is facing, regardless of whether they are good or bad, and regardless of who likes them or not.

Read the full article here

‘National carrier matters, but profitability matters more’

Delaying the privatisation of SriLankan Airlines will not help, however the steps towards privatisation of the national carrier should be taken in consultation with international experts who understand the aviation industry, Thilan Wijesinghe, Chairman and CEO of TWCorp (Pvt) Ltd., said at ‘Let’s Reset Sri Lanka –Reform Now’ conference hosted by Advocate Institute, recently.Thilan who is knowledgeable about many aspects of SriLankan Airlines’ operational outlook said so responding to a query on how debt-laden SriLankan Airlines can attract potential buyers to push a privatisation process forward.

Read the full article here

IMF, a starting point in path to recovery - President

Advocata Institute hosted its economic reform conference, #ReformNow last week. The two day event discussed the economic reforms needed to recover from the current crisis and promote growth.

The event brought together policymakers, l internationally recognised thought-leaders, the business community, civil society and citizens of Sri Lanka to facilitate this much needed discussion. The sessions focused on themes such as reforming taxation, state-owned enterprises, social safety nets , trade policy and land policy.

Read the full article here

‘Only 15 out of 40 employment laws in regular use’

Sri Lanka has over 40 laws that relate to employment, of which only about 15 are in regular use.

Most are dated before independence or shortly thereafter and many are outdated, Shyamali Ranarajah- Attorney at law (Pictured) said.

Sri Lanka’s labour reforms must be led by the highest level of government whilst stakeholders must have a seat at the discussions for labour reforms.

Moreover, Ranarajah said dispute resolution mechanisms must be made efficient, productive and must not become a barrier or a hindrance to growth and employment creation, she opined.

Read the full article here

South Asia can have integration in dancing & cooking, but not trade, quips Prez RW

Strengthening trade relations with the world is essential for countries to fulfil their economic aspirations, however, efforts will have to be made by individual countries to strengthen ties as within the South Asian region and trade integration will not happen, said President Ranil Wickremesinghe. “There will have to be bilateral agreements with whoever we want. There is too much politics involved for there to be a regional trade agreement in South Asia,” the President told a fully-packed audience at the ‘Reform Now’ conference hosted by Colombo-based economic thinktank Advocata Institute.

“So we can keep that aside. We can have integration in dancing, we can have integration in cooking. but certainly, we are not going to have integration as far as the economy is concerned,” Wickremesinghe quipped.

Read the full article here

CSE seen as being controlled by a few people; ‘not a proper platform to list SOEs’

The CSE is not a proper platform to list state owned enterprises because it’s being controlled and dominated by a few people or small groups of them. It cannot be a match for leading stock markets like the London Stock Market because it doesn’t reflect a broader perspective, President Ranil Wickremesinghe said.

“Either you must change or bring into being a new organization to broad base the stakeholder participation level without allowing a small set of people to control it, Wickremesinghe told an economic forum which was organized by the Advocata Institute and held at the BMICH yesterday.

Read the full article here

‘Negotiations with China needed as well to evolve sustainable debt restructuring proposal’

Sri Lanka’s debt advisors are currently looking at local debt, as a restructuring plan to negotiate with our creditors is being developed as part of efforts to make debt sustainable in order to obtain support from the IMF. The latter has specifically told us to bring a sustainable debt restructuring proposal through negotiations with China as well, President Ranil Wickremesinghe said.

Read the full article here

Masterclass | Total Factor Productivity | Ep 1 | Advocata Academy | Dr Sarath Rajapatirana

Welcome to the Advocata Academy! We are launching the Masterclass series, conducted by Dr. Sarath Rajapatirana, Academic Chair of Advocata Institute. 

The first episode is on “Total Factor Productivity”, which focuses on the role productivity plays in the economic growth of a country. This episode also highlights some of the reasons why Sri Lanka’s productivity levels are low and how this can be improved.

Dr. Rajapatirana has worked across the world with leading international organizations such as the World Bank, World Trade Organisation, ITC in Geneva, and the International Cooperative Alliance in Latin America. He is a former economic advisor to the President of Sri Lanka and has advised governments and policymakers around the world. 

The second episode is on “Introduction to International Trade”

The Third episode is on “Industrial Policy’

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Masterclass | Introduction to International Trade | Ep 2 | Advocata Academy | Dr Sarath Rajapatirana

Welcome to the Advocata Academy! We are launching the Masterclass series, conducted by Dr. Sarath Rajapatirana, Academic Chair of Advocata Institute. 

This is the second masterclass on Introduction to International Trade which highlights the important role that international trade has played in the development of many countries around the world. The masterclass also explains import substitution and describes Sri Lanka’s experience with import substitution and how it affects efficiency and productivity. 

Dr. Rajapatirana has worked across the world with leading international organizations such as the World Bank, World Trade Organisation, ITC in Geneva, and the International Cooperative Alliance in Latin America. He is a former economic advisor to the President of Sri Lanka and has advised governments and policymakers around the world. 

The first episode is on “Total Factor Productivity”

The third episode is on “Industrial Policy”

Masterclass | Industrial Policy | Ep 3 | Advocata Academy |Dr Sarath Rajapatirana

Welcome to the Advocata Academy! We are launching the Masterclass series, conducted by Dr. Sarath Rajapatirana, Academic Chair of Advocata Institute. 

This is the third masterclass discusses on “Industrial Policy” and the difference between industrial policy and policy toward industry within the context of Sri Lanka's policies over time and how this can affect economic growth. 

Dr. Rajapatirana has worked across the world with leading international organizations such as the World Bank, World Trade Organisation, ITC in Geneva, and the International Cooperative Alliance in Latin America. He is a former economic advisor to the President of Sri Lanka and has advised governments and policymakers around the world. 

The first episode is on “Total Factor Productivity”

The second episode is on “Industrial Policy”

Online Discussion: Deep Dive "The Role of Trade in Economic Recovery in Sri Lanka"

The second Advocata Deep Dive discussion on "The Role of Trade in Economic Recovery in Sri Lanka” in partnership with the European Union in Sri Lanka and the Maldives was held on Aug 30th.

Prof. Prema-Chandra Athukorala (Emeritus Professor of Economics, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, ANU), Dr. Sarath Rajapatirana (Chair, Academic Programme, Advocata Institute), H.E. Denis Chaibi (Ambassador, Delegation of the European Union to Sri Lanka and the Maldives) and Dr. Dayaratna Silva discuss (International Trade Economist | Former Sri Lankan Ambassador to the World Trade Organization) discuss "The Role of Trade in Economic Recovery in Sri Lanka”


You can also watch the full discussion here

Deep Dive 2.0 kickstarted with the primer by Dr. Sarath Rajapatirana discussing International Trade: From Theory to Policy: Sri Lanka in Perspective.

A brief overview of Sri Lanka's trade, trading partners and trade policies in relation to economic growth. In this video, we discuss the contribution of trade to a country's growth, Sri Lankan trade during the pandemic, import restrictions, and GSP+ and its effect on Sri Lanka's trade.